CSS Math Functions: A Simple Guide for Designers & Developers In modern CSS, math functions let you perform real calculations directly in your styles. This empowers your layouts, spacing, and responsive design with more flexibility and control. Let’s explore what CSS math functions are, why they matter, and how to use them. What Are CSS Math Functions? CSS math functions let you compute values in real time. Instead of hardcoding numbers, you can use formulas. The most commonly supported math functions are: calc() min() max() clamp() These allow mixing units (e.g., % + px ) or setting limits on values. Why Use Math Functions? Responsive design becomes easier — e.g. mix percentages and fixed px values. Dynamic spacing & sizing without needing many media queries. Constraints & boundaries — you can ensure a value stays between a minimum and maximum. Cleaner code — fewer manual adjustments. How Each Function Works + Examples 1. ca...
When a browser loads a webpage, each image file triggers a separate HTTP request. If you have 20 icons, that’s 20 extra requests. A sprite consolidates all icons into one file , so the browser downloads just that single image once. Then, using background-position , you “shift” the visible window of that image to show the correct icon. Learn how to use CSS image sprites to enhance your website's performance Workflow in Detail Collect Icons Gather all icons you use repeatedly (social media, buttons, UI elements). Create a Sprite Sheet Use a tool like: Figma or Photoshop for manual placement. SpritePad or Glue (command line) to automate sprite sheet generation and output CSS coordinates. Calculate Positions Each icon’s top-left coordinates inside the sprite image determine its background-position . Example: if an icon starts 96 px from the left and 64 px from the top, use: .icon-example { background-position : - 96px - 64px ; } Serve Optimally Save t...